学习vagrant

mkdir test && cd test
vagrant box add base http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid32.box  # 这里的模式是 vagrant box add {title} {url}
vagrant init base # 初始化一个box为base的Vagrantfile，默认box就是base
vagrant up        # 启动虚拟机
vagrant ssh       # ssh到虚拟机环境中

mkdir test2 && cd test2
wget https://github.com/jose-lpa/packer-ubuntu_14.04/releases/download/v2.0/ubuntu-14.04.box
vagrant init ubuntu-14.04.box  # ubuntu-14.04.box为已下载的某镜像文件
vagrant up
vagrant ssh

#!/usr/bin/env bash

apt-get update
apt-get install -y apache2
if ! [ -L /var/www ]; then
  rm -rf /var/www
  ln -fs /vagrant /var/www
fi

config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install -y apache2
  if ! [ -L /var/www ]; then
    rm -rf /var/www
    ln -fs /vagrant /var/www
  fi
SHELL

config.vm.network :forwarded_port, host: 4567, guest: 80

vagrant login
vagrant share

vagrant up       # 启动虚拟机，会执行相应的自动配置
vagrant halt     # 关机
vagrant reload   # 重新启动，主要用于重新载入配置文件
vagrant suspend  # 挂起当前虚拟机
vagrant resume   # 恢复被挂起的vm
vagrant box list # 列出所有box列表
vagrant box remove {basename}
vagrant destroy  # 停止当前正在运行的虚拟机并销毁所有创建的资源
vagrant package  # 把当前的运行的虚拟机环境进行打包，可用于分发开发环境
vagrant plugin   # 安装卸载插件 
vagrant provision  # 设置基本的环境，进一步设置可以使用Chef/Puppet进行搭建
vagrant ssh-config # 输出ssh连接的一些信息
vagrant status     # 获取虚拟机状态
vagrant version    # 获取vagrant的版本

config.vm.box = "base"      # vm的box的基，默认为base
config.vm.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "gogojimmy", "--memory", "512"]  # 配置vm的各种参数
config.vm.host_name = "xxx" # 配置主机名，很重要的标识
config.vm.network           # 两种桥接方式，私有和公共          

config.vm.define :app do |app_config|
  app_config.vm.host_name = "app"
  app_config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "33.33.13.10"
end

config.vm.define :db do |db_config|
  db_config.vm.host_name = "db"
  db_config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "33.33.13.11"
  db_config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
    vb.memory = "512"
  end
end

config.vm.define :cache do |cache_config|
  cache_config.vm.host_name = "cache"
  cache_config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "33.33.13.12"
end

Bringing machine 'app' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
Bringing machine 'db' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
Bringing machine 'cache' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> app: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> app: Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2200.
==> app: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> app: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    app: Adapter 1: nat
    app: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> app: Forwarding ports...
    app: 22 => 2200 (adapter 1)
==> app: Booting VM...
==> app: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    app: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2200
    app: SSH username: vagrant
    app: SSH auth method: private key
    app: Warning: Connection timeout. Retrying...
==> app: Machine booted and ready!
==> app: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    app: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    app: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    app: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    app: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    app: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    app: your host and reload your VM.
    app: 
    app: Guest Additions Version: 4.2.0
    app: VirtualBox Version: 4.3
==> app: Setting hostname...
==> app: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
==> app: Mounting shared folders...
    app: /vagrant => /home/xiajian/works/test/vargant
==> app: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> app: to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
  。。省略DB和Cache的启动。。。

```
tar czf - xp.vdi | split -b 2000m - xp.vdi.tar.gz  # 压缩
cat xp.vdi.tar.gza* | tar xz                       # 解压
```